Vinegar is acetic acid. Distilled Vinegar is quite useful as a general household cleaner.

Lemon juice contains citric acid.

CLR or a similar product that takes care of limescale (etc) is a mixture of acids.

Muriatic (another name for hydrochloric) acid is available from most hardware stores and can be used for dealing with rust.

https://www.nytimes.com/wirecutter/guides/how-to-clean-battery-corrosion/

Mild acids that are food grade are great because you don’t have to worry about occupational health exposure. A lot of people use vinegar. I use citric acid – which you can find in the grocery store in the spices section. Citric acid is what makes sour candies sour. You buy it as a powder.

I mix a little water and citric acid and let the part soak in it, then brush with a soft wire brush (not steel wire, as it’s too hard and will scratch the parts too much).

But, as a tangent, buying stronger acids is pretty easy, depending on the acid. Hydrochloric acid is sold in hardware stores as muriatic acid. Sulphuric acid is used to recharge lead-acid batteries. You’ll have a harder time finding nitric acid (because people can make explosives with it) or hydrofluoric acid (cause it is actually deadly as fuck), but industrial suppliers often have them. I wouldn’t handle any of these without some training. Even muriatic acid will off-gas chlorine and cause all the tools in your shop to rust if stored improperly. (From experience.)