Rich countries have highly developed sports infrastructures that allow better detection of talents and training the talents in the best possible conditions. That is probably already enough to explain the difference in results. No need to look for some drug conspiracy. If your city doesn’t have the money to build a swimming pool, you’ll never have swimming champions from there.
I’ve always believed that all Olympic countries take part in some kind of enhanced performance drug program.
The poor countries try it and they are easily identified and disqualified
The mid tier countries do it cautiously and sometimes get away with it
The rich countries like the US do it all the time but they are so sophisticated that they can’t be caught.
Rich countries have highly developed sports infrastructures that allow better detection of talents and training the talents in the best possible conditions. That is probably already enough to explain the difference in results. No need to look for some drug conspiracy. If your city doesn’t have the money to build a swimming pool, you’ll never have swimming champions from there.