Why does the timing of the learning matter though? It’s just a matter of saying “this machine learned to do X” rather than “this machine is currently learning from you.” Plus I’m sure there are machine learning products/projects out there that do learn on the fly to attempt to continually improve results, even if the learning might be cloud based and the local on-device neural nets are just for demonstrating the results.

I’d say “artificial student” is a subset of AI/ML.