The Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) agency operates a network of 170 unofficial detention sites around the country, called “hold rooms,” according to agency data obtained via the Freedom of Information Act. Located in warehouses, strip malls, office parks, and ICE substations, the facilities are held to different standards than the agency’s official detention facilities. They are not permitted to contain beds, and are not required to contain toilets. Though agency policy limits the time a detainee can be kept in a hold room to 72 hours, federal data show thousands of violations of that rule, including many stays lasting weeks or months at a time.

The Colorado Times Recorder is reporting for the first time comprehensive information, including addresses, on all 170 hold rooms and the more than 140,000 detainees held in them between January and October of last year.

Though hold rooms have been used by ICE since at least 2011 as temporary facilities to house detainees awaiting transport to official detention centers, federal data obtained by the Deportation Data Project and analyzed by the Colorado Times Recorder show a dramatic expansion of their use coinciding with Donald Trump’s return to the presidency. Until last June, the time limit for hold room detentions was 12 hours; the Trump administration upped the limit to 72 hours soon after Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Advisor Stephen Miller and then-DHS Secretary Kristi Noem ordered ICE to triple its arrest quota to 3,000 per day.

Now, in violation of the agency’s own rules, hold rooms increasingly serve as unofficial, undisclosed long-term detention facilities.