With the enshittification of streaming platforms, a Kodi or Jellyfin server would be a great starting point. In my case, I have both, and the Kodi machine gets the files from the Jellyfin machine through NFS.

Or Home Assistant to help keep IOT devices that tend to be more IoS. Or a Nextcloud server to try to degoogle at least a little bit.

Maybe a personal Friendica instance for your LAN so your family can get their Facebook addiction without giving their data to Meta?

Nice

Only host what you need.

You should see some of the literal data centers folks have in their houses. It’s nuts.

That’s true of any hobby.

Hey! I’m also running my homelab on unraid! :D

The reverse proxy basically allows you to open only one port on your machine for generic web traffic, instead of opening (and exposing) a port for each app individually. You then address each app by a certain hostname / Domain path, so either something like movies.myhomelab.com or myhomelab.com/movies.

The issue is that you’ll have to point your domain directly at your home IP. Which then means that whenever you share a link to an app on your homelab, you also indirectly leak your home location (to the degree that IP location allows). Which I simply do not feel comfortable with. The easy solution is running the traffic through Cloudflare (this can be set up in 15 minutes), but they impose traffic restrictions on free plans, so it’s out of the question for media or cloud apps.

That’s what my proxy VPS is for. Basically cloudflare tunnels rebuilt. An encrypted, direct tunnel between my homelab and a remote server in a datacenter, meaning I expose no port at home, and visitors connect to that datacenter IP instead of my home one. There is also no one in between my two servers, so I don’t give up any privacy. Comes with near zero bandwith loss in both directions too! And it requires near zero computational power, so it’s all running on a machine costing me 3,50 a month.

Caddy makes it so you don’t have to understand reverse proxies to use them, the config is literally just "reverse_proxy " and then gives it a let’s encrypt SSL certificate. It’s beautiful for self hosting.

You’re right, that’s one of the remaining pain points of the setup. The rclone connections are all established from the homelab, so potential attackers wouldn’t have any traces of the other servers. But I’m not 100% sure if I’ve protected the local backup copy from a full deletion.

The homelab is currently using Kopia to push some of the most important data to OneDrive. From what I’ve read it works very similarly to Borg (deduplicate, chunk based, compression and encryption) so it would probably also be able to do this task? Or maybe I’ll just move all backups to Borg.

Do you happen to have a helpful opinion on Kopia vs Borg?

Nope, don’t have that yet. But since all my compose and config files are neatly organized on the file system, by domain and then by service, I tar up that entire docker dir once a week and pull it to the homelab, just in case.

How have you setup your provisioning script? Any special services or just some clever batch scripting?

Of course! here you go: https://files.catbox.moe/hy713z.png. The image has the raw excalidraw data embedded, so you can import it to the website like a save file and play around with the sorting if need be.

The crowdsec agent running on my homelab (8 Cores, 16GB RAM) is currently sitting idle at 96.86MiB RAM and between 0.4 and 1.5% CPU usage. I have a separate crowdsec agent running on the Main VPS, which is a 2 vCPU 4GB RAM machine. There, it’s using 1.3% CPU and around 2.5% RAM. All in all, very manageable.

There is definitely a learning curve to it. When I first dove into the docs, I was overwhelmed by all the new terminology, and wrapping my head around it was not super straightforward. Now that I’ve had some time with it though, it’s become more and more clear. I’ve even written my own simple parsers for apps that aren’t on the hub!

What I find especially helpful are features like explain, which allow me to pass in logs and simulate which step of the process picks that up and how the logs are processed, which is great when trying to diagnose why something is or isn’t happening.

The crowdsec agent running on my homelab is running from the docker container, and uses pretty much exactly the stock configuration. This is how the docker container is launched:

  crowdsec:
    image: crowdsecurity/crowdsec
    container_name: crowdsec
    restart: always
    networks:
      socket-proxy:
    ports:
      - "8080:8080"
    environment:
      DOCKER_HOST: tcp://socketproxy:2375
      COLLECTIONS: "schiz0phr3ne/radarr schiz0phr3ne/sonarr"
      BOUNCER_KEY_caddy: as8d0h109das9d0
      USE_WAL: true
    volumes:
      - /mnt/user/appdata/crowdsec/db:/var/lib/crowdsec/data
      - /mnt/user/appdata/crowdsec/acquis:/etc/crowdsec/acquis.d
      - /mnt/user/appdata/crowdsec/config:/etc/crowdsec

Then there’s the Caddyfile on the LabProxy, which is where I handle banned IPs so that their traffic doesn’t even hit my homelab. This is the file:

{
	crowdsec {
		api_url http://homelab:8080
		api_key as8d0h109das9d0
		ticker_interval 10s
	}
}

*.mydomain.com {
	tls {
		dns cloudflare skPTIe-qA_9H2_QnpFYaashud0as8d012qdißRwCq
	}
	encode gzip
	route {
		crowdsec
		reverse_proxy homelab:8443
	}
}

Keep in mind that the two machines are connected via tailscale, which is why I can pass in the crowdsec agent with its local hostname. If the two machines were physically separated, you’d need to expose the REST API of the agent over the web.

I hope this helps clear up some of your confusion! Let me know if you need any further help with understanding it. It only gets easier the more you interact with it!

don’t worry, all credentials in the two files are randomized, never the actual tokens

Somehow I only had issues with CrowdSec. I used it with Traefik but it would ban me and my family every time they used my selhosted matrix instance. I could not figure out why and it even did that when I tried it on OPNSense without the Traefik bouncer…

I have crowdsec on a bunch of servers. It’s great and I love that I’m feeding my data to the swarm.

Thank you! It’s done in excalidraw.com. Not the most straightforward for flowcharts, took me some time to figure out the best way to sort it all. But very powerful once you get into the flow.

If you’re feeling funny, you can download the original image from the catbox link and plug it right back into the site like a save file!

Glad to have gotten you back into the grind!

My homelab runs on an N100 board I ordered on Aliexpress for ~150€, plus some 16GB Corsair DDR5 SODIMM RAM. The Main VPS is a 2 vCPU 4GB RAM machine, and the LabProxy is a 4 vCPU 4GB RAM ARM machine.

Absolutely! To be honest, I don’t even want to have countless machines under my umbrella, and constantly have consodilation in mind - but right now, each machine fulfills a separate purpose and feels justified in itself (homelab for large data, main VPS for anything thats operation critical and cant afford power/network outages and so on). So unless I find another purpose that none of the current machines can serve, I’ll probably scale vertically instead of horizontally (is that even how you use that expression?)

In addition to the other commenter and their great points, here’s some more things I like:

• ressource efficient: im running all my stuff on low end servers, and cant afford my reverse proxy to waste gigabytes of RAM (kooking at you, NPM)
• very easy syntax: the Caddyfile uses a very simple, easy to remember syntax. And the documentation is very precise and quickly tells me what to do to achieve something. I tried traefik and couldn’t handle the long, complicated tag names required to set anything up.
• plugin ecosystem: caddy is written in go, and very easy to extend. There’s tons of plugins for different functionalities, that are (mostly) well documented and easy to use. Building a custom caddy executable takes one command.

I can answer this one, but mainly only in reference to the other popular solutions:

• nginx. Solid, reliable, uncomplicated, but. Reverse proxy semantics have a weird dependency on manually setting up a dns resolver (why??) and you have to restart the instance if your upstream gets replaced.
• traefik. I am literally a cloud software engineer, I’ve been doing Linux networking since 1994 and I’ve made 3 separate attempts to configure traefik to work according to its promises. It has never worked correctly. Traefik’s main selling point to me is its automatic docker proxying via labels, but this doesn’t even help you if you also have multiple VMs. Basically a non-starter due to poor docs and complexity.
• caddy. Solid, reliable, uncomplicated. It will do acme cert provisioning out of the box for you if you want (I don’t use that feature because I have a wildcard cert, but it seems nice). Also doesn’t suffer from the problems I’ve listed above.

I see everyone else have already chimed in on whats so great about Caddy (because it is!), one thing that has been a thorn in my side though is the lack of integration of fail2ban since Caddy has moved on from the old common log format and moved on to more modern log formats. So if you want to use a IPS/IDS, you’ll have to either find a creative hack to make it work with fail2ban or rely on more modern (and resource heavier) solutions such as crowdsec.

With containers, most will have a persistent volume that is mapped to the host filesystem. This is where your config data is. When you update a container, just the image is updated(pihole binaries) but it leaves the config files there. Things like your block lists and custom dns settings, theme settings, all of that will remain.

If you’re referring to the “LabProxy VPS”: So that I don’t have to point a public domain that I (plan to) use more and more in online spaces to my personal IP address, allowing anyone and everyone to pinpoint my location. Also, I really don’t want to mess with the intricacies of DynDNS. This solution is safer and more reliable than DynDNS and open ports on my router thats not at all equipped to fend off cyberspace attacks.

If you’re referring to the caddy reverse proxy on the LabProxy VPS: I’m pointing domains that I want to funnel into my homelab at the external IP of the proxy VPS. The caddy server on that VPS reads these requests and reverse-proxies them onto the caddy-port from the homelab, using the hostname of my homelab inside my tailscale network. That’s how I make use of the tunnel. This also allows me to send the crowdsec ban decisions from the homelab to the Proxy VPS, which then denies all incoming requests from that source IP before they ever hit my homelab. Clean and Safe!