reverse osmosis.
I don’t know if these filters for permanent installation have some techology to prevent this, but the smaller jug-style water filters increase bacteria growth if you don’t regularly exchange them. I think for a part with such a huge internal surface that is permanently wet, this is really hard to avoid unless it has a special desinfection mechanism.
https://www.businessinsider.com/water-filter-mistakes-increase-risk-bacterial-infection-2021-8
For short-term use while hiking I use water filters by Sawyer or Katadyn so far without problems. But I rinse them with chlorine and vinegar before I put them away for storage.
I know somebody with a full house filter, and it uses UV to reduce bacterial growth.
That study was done in 1996 and afaik the only way to actually read it is to pay $35. But, judging by the short tldr that’s not always the case. About 1/3 of the time that’s not the case, and without having the details IDK if this info is useful? Like did 2/3 of the times where the filters just not cleaned properly or at all? Who knows?
APEC water systems. Multi stage.
Whole house filter or a multi–stage filter
